We are using the NHP model to examine the mechanisms by which malaria co-infection drives mucosal immune dysfunction in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Our studies aim to achieve better understanding of the biological mechanisms that drive the risk for greater immunopathogenesis in HIV/malaria co-infection. This will aid in the development of new therapeutics and treatment strategies that can safely and effectively reduce morbidity and mortality due to both HIV and malaria.